“Gawking” is phrasing which puts an unnecessary layer between the reader and the action. If a character sees, watches, or hears another character or an event in the story, then that character is screening the reader’s view of what’s happening. The scene starts with: Out for an early morning stroll, Sean was the first to notice the fire in the old barn. For the second sentence, we have two choices: He saw the leaping flames and smelled the acrid smoke. … Read More »

What is your style of writing? I do not mean your genre of choice or your literary voice. I mean: How do you actually work best? While there are as many ways of working as there are writers, I believe there are two major categories into which all of these individual structures fit — sprinters and marathoners. Sprinters These are the writers who may have other jobs, or small children at home, or other responsibilities that make it impossible for … Read More »

I give a lecture on occasion on building suspense in fiction, and touch briefly on applying techniques of fictional suspense to nonfiction. Characters, motivation, surprise, conflict, pacing … the same building blocks that bring fiction to life can also electrify nonfiction. If you break down nonfiction bestsellers you’ll find this true. Fabulous examples abound. The Lost City of Z (2009) by David Grann. Dead Wake (2015) by Erik Larson. In the Heart of the Sea (2000), by Nathaniel Philbrick. Let’s … Read More »

I have a friend who is not a fan of historical fiction (and yes, we’re still friends). She describes them as “those books about kings and queens.” That made me start to think about who makes the best protagonist for historical fiction: is it a real, factual person—who will generally be a public person, or someone in sufficient prominence to have left a record—or an everyday person, probably spun from the imagination? Perhaps there is no better or worse here, … Read More »

Prescriptive grammar attempts to define how a language should be used. It’s important and necessary, because it maintains a touchstone that keeps language from diversifying too widely. Without it, eventually we might no longer understand each other’s speech or writing. Schools teach prescriptive grammar, giving us all a common standard of usage. Descriptive grammar reflects how people actually speak and write, in practice. Real people in casual situations say “ain’t” and “gonna,” and put sentences together in a different order … Read More »

How do we write about music? This is a form of what the ancient Greeks called ekphrasis: the description of one art in another. Not all of us are musicians, but nearly everyone likes one kind of music or another. It brings something wonderful to our lives, punctuates our memories, stirs our emotions. And when I think back upon some of the most life-changing books I’ve read (Homer’s Odyssey and the Sirens’ song, anyone?), the magic of music played a … Read More »